Quantitation of Soybean Allergens Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Soybean (Glycine max) seed contain some proteins that are allergenic to humans and animals. However,
the concentration of these allergens and their expression variability among germplasms is presently
unknown. To address this problem, 10 allergens were quantified from 20 nongenetically modified
commercial soybean varieties using parallel, label-free mass spectrometry approaches. Relative
quantitation was performed by spectral counting and absolute quantitation was performed using
multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with synthetic, isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards.
During relative quantitation analysis, 10 target allergens were identified, and five of these allergens
showed expression levels higher than technical variation observed for bovine serum albumin (BSA)
internal standard (～11%), suggesting expression differences among the varieties. To confirm this
observation, absolute quantitation of these allergens from each variety was performed using MRM.
Eight of the 10 allergens were quantified for their concentration in seed and ranged from approximately
0.5 to 5.7 μg/mg of soy protein. MRM analysis reduced technical variance of BSA internal standards to
approximately 7%, and confirmed differential expression for four allergens across the 20 varieties. This
is the first quantitative assessment of all major soybean allergens. The results show the total quantity
of allergens measured among the 20 soy varieties was mostly similar.
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