Section One: Introduction to Medical Biochemistry and an
Overview of Fuel Metabolism
1 An Overview of Fuel Metabolism / 1
Section Two: Chemical and Biological Foundations
of Biochemistry
2 Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffers / 21
3 Structures of the Major Compounds of the Body / 31
4 Amino Acids and Proteins / 45
5 Structure–Function Relationships in Proteins / 59
6 Enzymes as Catalysts / 77
7 Regulation of Enzymes / 96
8 Cell Structure and Signaling by Chemical Messengers / 112
Section Three: Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis
9 Structure of the Nucleic Acids / 133
10 Synthesis of DNA / 147
11 Transcription: Synthesis of RNA / 160
12 Translation: Synthesis of Proteins / 177
13 Regulation of Gene Expression / 189
14 Use of Recombinant DNA Techniques in Medicine / 207
15 The Molecular Biology of Cancer / 224
Section Four: Fuel Oxidation and the Generation of ATP
16 Cellular Bioenergetics: ATP and O2 / 241
17 Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle / 257
18 Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondrial Function, and
Oxygen Radicals / 274
19 Generation of ATP from Glucose: Glycolysis / 297
20 Oxidation of Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies / 311
Section Five: Carbohydrate Metabolism
21 Basic Concepts in the Regulation of Fuel Metabolism by Insulin,
Glucagon, and Other Hormones / 329
22 Digestion, Absorption, and Transport of Carbohydrates / 343
23 Formation and Degradation of Glycogen / 357
24 Pathways of Sugar and Alcohol Metabolism: Fructose, Galactose,
Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and Ethanol Metabolism / 372
25 Synthesis of Glycosides, Lactose, Glycoproteins, Glycolipids,
and Proteoglycans / 391
26 Gluconeogenesis and Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels / 405
Section Six: Lipid Metabolism
27 Digestion and Transport of Dietary Lipids / 423
28 Synthesis of Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, Eicosanoids, and the Major
Membrane Lipids / 433
29 Cholesterol Absorption, Synthesis, Metabolism, and Fate / 456
30 Integration of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism / 482
Section Seven: Nitrogen Metabolism
31 Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption / 495
32 Fate of Amino Acid Nitrogen: Urea Cycle / 504
33 Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids and
Amino Acid–Derived Products / 517
34 Tetrahydrofolate, Vitamin B12, and S-Adenosylmethionine / 542
35 Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism / 555
36 Intertissue Relationships in the Metabolism of Amino Acids / 567
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