Part I Foundations
1 What Is Biological Anthropology? 1
2 Origins of Evolutionary Thought 12
Part II Mechanisms of Evolution
3 Genetics: Cells and Molecules 30
4 Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype 59
5 The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species 83
6 Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability 105
Part III Primates
7 The Primates 141
8 Primate Behavior 178
Part IV The Fossil Record
9 Geology and Primate Origins 200
10 Early Hominins and Australopithecus 242
11 Rise of the Genus Homo 277
12 Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals 309
13 The Emergence, Dispersal, and Bioarchaeology of Homo sapiens 342
Part V Biology and Behavior of Modern Humans
14 Evolution of the Brain and Behavior 373
15 Biomedical and Forensic Anthropology 402
Appendix A Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy 441
Appendix B The Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium 446
Appendix C Metric–Imperial Conversions 450