Laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry a review
This review focuses on the development of new instruments, and new applications of laser excited atomic
fluorescence spectrometry, LEAFS, in recent years since the last published reviews. Such developments include
solid-state tunable lasers, deep UV tunable lasers, the use of charge coupled detectors ŽCCDs., and the applications
of LEAFS for trace metal determination in various samples. The advent of diode lasers with their now somewhat
improved range of wavelengths and power output, provides opportunities for research and applications in LEAFS.
The further development of the coupling of second and third harmonic crystals to pulsed diode lasers shows promise
for compact and robust instrumentation. There have been no recent instrumental developments that might provide
more isotopic selectivity beyond the elements like uranium where the spectral isotope splitting is greater than most
elements, but laser diodes could provide this due to their potential to provide an output with very narrow spectral
bandwidth. The advent of optical parametric oscillator-based lasers has enabled LEAFS to be much more practical
then in the past when dye lasers were used. This should be the harbinger of more applications of LEAFS to complex
real sample analyses that can not be done by other techniques for reasons of sensitivity or selectivity. Array detectors
provide an additional degree of freedom by provision of more spectral information more rapidly, which should aid
the study of complex samples that might produce complex background problems. The recent literature indicates thatthe sensitivity, selectivity and ease of method development of LEAFS is well-established, and that there are no
substantial analytical disadvantages to the technique beyond the instrumental limitations associated with the single
element at a time mode of operation and the complexity of the laser systems. Laser technology continues to develop
rapidly, which heralds a bright future for LEAFS. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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