Nearly two decades of teaching experience have driven me to write this book. I realized that if an
illustrated book is available, students will be able to recollect the experiments done earlier, to face
the different types of questions during practical examinations. Hence all the items in this book are
illustrated.
The contents of this book are structured in the practical examination-oriented manner. The major
sections are qualitative experiments, quantitative experiments, charts, spotters and objective
structured practical examination questions. All the tests are provided with diagrams and
interpretations. This will help the students to understand each concept thoroughly and enable them
to use it as an instant doubt clearing book. I hope it will be very useful for day-to-day studies and
exam preparations.
Details of reagent preparations given along with the respective chapters are useful for the staff
involved in the laboratory preparation of practical sessions. This part will also help to improve the
level of understanding of students about the reagents they are using for various experiments in the
laboratory.
Questions provided with the chapters are useful for having better clarity and grasp of the topic.
Moreover, it will definitely boost the confidence of students to face the examination. Chapters on
charts and spotting and OSPE questions are useful for self-training of such type of evaluation
methods.
I warmly welcome the views of those using the book and I shall be grateful to the readers for
bringing to my notice of mistakes for corrections, in future editions of the book.
Geetha Damodaran K
SECTION ONE: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
1. Reactions of Carbohydrates ........................................................................................................... 3
2. Reactions of Proteins ..................................................................................................................... 18
3. Reactions of Lipids ........................................................................................................................ 37
4. Reactions of Urea ........................................................................................................................... 42
5. Reactions of Creatinine ................................................................................................................. 45
6. Uric Acid ........................................................................................................................................ 47
7. Scheme for Identification of Biologically Important Substance in a Given Solution ........... 50
8. Urine Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 51
9. Spectroscopy ................................................................................................................................. 65
10. Reactions of Milk ........................................................................................................................... 72
SECTION TWO: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
11. Principles of Colorimetry ............................................................................................................. 77
12. Determination of Blood Sugar ..................................................................................................... 83
13. Determination of Urea .................................................................................................................. 90
14. Determination of Creatinine ........................................................................................................ 94
15. Determination of Total Protein and Albumin ........................................................................... 98
16. Determination of Cholesterol .................................................................................................... 102
17. Determination of Uric Acid ....................................................................................................... 105
18. Determination of Bilirubin ......................................................................................................... 109
19. Determination of Transaminases .............................................................................................. 113
20. Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase .................................................................................. 119
21. Determination of Calcium .......................................................................................................... 122
22. Determination of Phosphorus ................................................................................................... 127
23. Determination of Titrable Acidity and Ammonia in Urine .................................................. 131
24. Determination of Urine Chloride .............................................................................................. 135
SECTION THREE: CHARTS
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