Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine has a long and distinguished
tradition in the field of hematology. Maxwell
Wintrobe, whose work actually established hematology
as a distinct subspecialty of medicine, was a founding
editor of the book and participated in the first seven
editions, taking over for Tinsley Harrison as editor-inchief
on the sixth and seventh editions. Wintrobe, born
in 1901, began his study of blood in earnest in 1927 as
an assistant in medicine at Tulane University in New
Orleans. He continued his studies at Johns Hopkins from
1930 to 1943 and moved to the University of Utah in
1943, where he remained until his death in 1986. He
invented a variety of the measures that are routinely
used to characterize red blood cell abnormalities, including
the hematocrit, the red cell indices, and erythrocyte
sedimentation rate, and defined the normal and abnormal
values for these parameters, among many other important
contributions in a 50-year career.
Oncology began as a subspecialty much later. It came
to life as a specific subdivision within hematology. A subset
of hematologists with a special interest in hematologic
malignancies began working with chemotherapeutic agents
to treat leukemia and lymphoma in the mid-1950s and
early 1960s. As new agents were developed and the principles
of clinical trial research were developed, the body of
knowledge of oncology began to become larger and mainly
independent from hematology. Informed by the laboratory
study of cancer biology and an expansion in focus beyond
hematologic neoplasms to tumors of all organ systems,
oncology developed as a separable discipline from hematology.
This separation was also fueled by the expansion of the
body of knowledge about clotting and its disorders, which
became a larger part of hematology.
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