Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
About the Book xvii
About the Authors xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Importance of the Environment 1
1.2 Environmental Pollutants 2
1.3 Chirality and its Occurrence 3
1.4 The Chemical Evolution of Chirality 4
1.5 The Electronic Theory of Chirality 6
1.6 The Importance of Chirality 7
1.7 Nomenclature for Chiral Pollutants 8
1.8 Chirality in Environmental Pollutants 10
1.9 Chirality and its Consequences in the Environment 12
1.10 The Enantiomeric Ratio and Fractions of Chiral Pollutants 13
1.11 Methods for the Separation of Chiral Pollutants 15
1.11.1 Chromatographic Methods 16
1.11.2 The Capillary Electrophoretic Method 21
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viii Contents
1.12 Chiral Selectors in Chromatography and Capillary
Electrophoresis 23
1.13 Detection in Chromatography and Capillary
Electrophoresis 27
1.14 Other Methods of Separation of Chiral Pollutants 28
References 30
2 Chiral Pollutants: Sources and Distribution 37
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Sources of Contamination 39
2.3 The Distribution of Chiral Pollutants 44
2.3.1 Distribution in Water 44
2.3.2 Distribution in Sediment 49
2.3.3 Distribution in Soil 50
2.3.4 Distribution in Air 53
2.3.5 Distribution in Aquatic and Amphibian Biota 55
2.3.6 Distribution in Terrestrial Biota 60
2.3.7 Distribution in Food Products 67
2.4 Conclusions 67
References 68
3 Chiral Pollutants: Biotransformation, Biodegradation
and Metabolism 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 The Mechanisms of the Interactions of Chiral Xenobiotics
in Biological Systems 77
3.3 The Fate of Chiral Pollutants in the Ecosystem 81
3.3.1 Biotransformation 81
3.4 Photochemical Conversion 95
3.5 Metabolism 96
3.6 Conclusions 102
References 103
4 The Enantioselective Toxicities of Chiral Pollutants 109
4.1 Introduction 109
4.2 The Enantioselective Toxicities of PCBs 110
4.3 The Enantioselective Toxicities of HCH 116
istribution, Toxicity and Analysis by Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis
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