Preface ix–x
Section I Challenges for Antibiotics 1
1 Antibiotics: Initial Concepts and Considerations 4
2 Major Classes of Antibiotics and Their Modes of Action 16
Section II Mechanisms: Antibiotic Action by Bacterial Target Class 33
3 Assembly of the Peptidoglycan Layer of Bacterial Cell Walls 36
4 Antibiotics That Block Peptidoglycan Assembly and Integrity 68
5 Antibiotics That Disrupt Membrane Integrity 102
6 Antibiotics That Block Protein Synthesis 114
7 Antibiotics That Target DNA and RNA Information Transfer 148
8 Antibiotics That Block Biosynthesis of the DNA Building
Block Deoxythymidylate 164
Section III Mechanisms: Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics 177
9 Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: Overview 180
10 Antibiotic Resistance: Modification or Destruction of the Antibiotic 198
11 Antibiotic Resistance via Membrane Efflux Pumps 220
12 Resistance via Target Modification 230
13 Tuberculosis: A Formidable Challenge for Antibiotic Therapy 252
Section IV Mechanisms: Antibiotic Biosynthesis 273
14 Antibiotic Biosynthesis: Principles 276
15 Biosynthesis of Peptide Antibiotics 288
16 Biosynthesis of Polyketide Antibiotics 320
17 Biosynthesis of Oligosaccharide, Isoprenoid, and
C-P Antibiotic Classes 344
Section V Opportunities 363
18 Underexploited Pathways and Targets for Antibiotics 366
19 Prospects for New Molecules and New Targets 398
References 421
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