Introduction 2
The Development Process 5
Displacement Development 5
Frontal Analysis 6
Elution Development 6
Chromatography Nomenclature 10
Factors Controlling Retention 12
The Thermodynamic Explanation of Retention 13
Factors Affecting the Magnitude of the Distribution Coefficient (K) 16
Molecular Forces 16
Dispersion Forces 16
Polar Forces 17
Dipole-Dipole Interactions 17
Dipole-Induced-Dipole Interactions 19
Ionic Forces 20
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions 21
Molecular Forces and Chromatographic Selectivity 22
Separations Based on Dispersive Interactions 22
Separations Based on Polar Interactions 23
Separations Based on Ionic Interactions 25
The Control of Chromatographically Available Stationary Phase (Vs) 26
The Effect of Stationary Phase Loading on the Performance of a Chromatographic System 27
Stationary Phase Limitation by Chiral Selectivity. 27
Stationary Phase Limitation by Exclusion 29
Peak Dispersion in a Chromatographic Column 31
The Multi-Path Effect 31
Longitudinal Diffusion 32
The Resistance to Mass Transfer in the Mobile Phase 32
The Resistance to Mass Transfer in the Stationary Phase 33
The Golay Equation for Open Tubular Columns 35
The Efficiency of a TLC Plate 35
The Basic Column Chromatograph 36
The Mobile Phase Supply 37
The Sampling System 37
The Column and Column Oven 39
Detector and Detector Electronics 39
The Detector Output 40
Data Acquisition and Processing System 43
Thin Layer Chromatography Apparatus 44
Thin Layer Chromatography Chambers 45
Continuous Plate Development 48
Sample Application 49
Chromatography Applications 52
Gas Chromatography Applications 52
Gasoline 52
High Temperature GC Stationary Phases 54
Hydrocarbon Analysis 55
Essential Oils 57
The Identification of Bacteria by Their Volatile Fatty Acid Profiles. 58
Chiral Separations 60
Liquid Chromatography Applications 61
Ionic Interaction Chromatography 67
Separation of Growth Regulators 68
Analysis of -blockers 69
References 78