《The vibrational spectroscopy of polymers》Professor E. A. Davis

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《The vibrational spectroscopy of polymers》Professor E. A. Davis
Professor I. M. Ward, FRS

《The vibrational spectroscopy of polymers》Professor E. A. Davis- 一起下吧

Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Vibrational spectroscopy 1
1.1.1 Molecular vibrations 1
1.1.2 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy 1
1.2 Fundamentals of polymers 2
1.2.1 Addition polymers 3
1.2.2 Step growth polymers 4
1.2.3 Regular chains and defect structures 7
1.2.4 Polymer morphology and crystallization 12
1.3 The infrared and Raman spectra of polymers 14
1.4 The electromagnetic spectrum - symbols and units 17
1.5 Spectrometers and experimental methods in infrared
spectroscopy 18
1.5.1 Introduction 18
1.5.2 The dispersive infrared spectrometer 21
1.5.3 The Fourier transform spectrometer 24
1.5.4 Sources, detectors and polarizers 27
1.5.5 The preparation of samples for transmission
spectroscopy 28
1.5.6 Reflection spectroscopy 30
1.6 Spectrometers and experimental methods in Raman
spectroscopy 31
1.6.1 Introduction 31
1.6.2 Sources and optical systems 33
1.6.3 Monochromators and detectors 34
1.6.4 Sample preparation and mounting 36
1.7 Mathematical techniques for processing spectra 38
1.8 Further reading 41
2 Symmetry and normal modes of vibration 42
2.1 Interatomic forces and molecular vibrations 42
2.1.1 Interatomic forces 42
2.1.2 Normal modes of vibration 44
2.2 Symmetry and small molecules 47
2.2.1 Point symmetry operations and symmetry
elements 47
2.2.2 Point groups 53
2.3 Group representations 57
2.3.1 Representation of groups by matrices 57
2.3.2 Reducible, irreducible and equivalent
representations 60
2.3.3 Symmetry species and character tables 63
2.3.4 Notation for symmetry species 65
2.4 The number of normal modes of each symmetry species 66
2.4.1 A reducible 3A/-dimensional representation of the
point group 67
2.4.2 Reduction of the 3iV-dimensional representation
by the use of normal coordinates 69
2.4.3 The number of normal modes of each
symmetry species 70
2.5 Symmetry coordinates and internal coordinates 74
2.6 Further reading 78
3 The vibrational modes of polymers 80
3.1 The vibrations of regular polymer chains 80
3.1.1 Introduction 80
3.1.2 Line group and factor group: polyethylene 81
3.1.3 Polyethylene and the vinyl polymers: descent in
symmetry 89
3.1.4 Helical molecules 93
3.2 The vibrations of polymer crystals 97
3.2.1 The nature of the factor group modes 98
3.2.2 Factor group modes for crystalline PVC and polyethylene 100
3.3 Further reading 106
4 Infrared and Raman spectra 107
4.1 Semiclassical treatment of origins of spectra 107
4.1.1 Polarizability tensors and dipole moments 107
4.1.2 Infrared absorption - mechanism and selectionrule 109
4.1.3 The origin of Raman scattering 111
4.1.4 Raman scattering and the rule of mutual exclusion 113
4.1.5 Selection rules for Raman activity: Raman tensors 117